THE CRYPT

Invaluable evidence of the Early Medieval origins of the basilica of San Pietro, the crypt is a semi-circular chamber, punctuated by seven blind round arches. In the places where the wall niches have broken down, a covered walkway with niches along it can be glimpsed. This structure, dating from the era of the Emperor Otto, recalls the central plan of Christian mausoleums, in particular the Martyria of the time of Constantine. Gregory the Great recalls that the first burial of Saint Herculanus, after his martyrdom in 550 ca., was in San Pietro. The crypt was closely connected to burials, but also had a liturgical and functional use. Over time it came to be no longer used for burials, and was renovated several times before the 12th century. The interior has wall paintings with geometric designs, images of animals, and brutish figures. Of particular interest is a concisely drawn lion, which conveys great expressive energy.